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4.0: RESPONSIBLE OF CITIZENSHIP

 Topic 4. RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP



4.1 Concept of citizenship

Ø  Meaning of citizen and citizenship

Ø  Types and importance of citizenship

4.2 Citizenship responsibilities

Ø  Responsibilities of a citizen

4.3 Responsibilities to special groups including HIV/AIDS victims

Ø  Definition of the term special groups

Ø  Identify special needs for each special groups

Ø  Responsibilities of citizen towards special group

4.1 Concept of citizenship

Ø  Meaning of citizen and citizenship

Ø  Types and importance of citizenship

MEANING OF CITIZEN AND CITIZENSHIP

A citizen

Is a legal person who has the right to belong to a particular country.

                                          OR

Is a legal member of a nation who owes allegiance to and is entitled to be protected by a sovereignty state.

Citizenship

Is the legal right of a person to belong to a particular country.

The conditions that qualify to be a citizen are specified in the constitution of the country. A citizen of a country is expected to be loyal and patriotic to his or her country. 

TYPES OF CITIZENSHIP

In Tanzania there are three main types Of citizenship namely;

 i) Citizen by birth

 ii) Naturalization

 iii) Descent (kinship)

i) Citizenship by birth

A person who is born in Tanzania and whose parents are Tanzanians becomes a citizen of Tanzania. Every person who is born in Tanzania is entitled to a birth certificate. Birth certificates are issued by the Registration Insolvency and Trusteeship Agency (RITA).

 ii) Citizen by Naturalization / Registration

Non-citizens who wish to become Tanzania citizens can apply to the ministry of home Affairs for citizenship through immigration department. 

After receiving the application the Ministry  through the Immigration Department publishes a notice in newspaper bearing the photograph and names of the applicant. The notice aimed to see if there is any objections from the public or not.

CONDITIONS FOR APPLYING CITIZENSHIP IN TANZANIA

The following are the conditions which an applicant must fulfil as to be granted citizenship according to the Tanzania Citizenship Act, Chapter 357, (Revised Edition, 2002)

        i)            He or she must be a person of good behavior

       ii)            He or she must have lived in the country for at least five years

     iii)            He or she must be 21 years old or above

     iv)            He or she must renounce his or her former citizenship

       v)            He or she has adequate knowledge of Kiswahili and English

iii) Citizenship by Descent (kinship)

This is applicable to a person who was born outside Tanzania but one whose parents are citizens of Tanzania.

The person has to apply to the ministry of Home Affairs for confirmation of his or her citizenship

IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP

        i)            It enables a person to exercise his or her legal rights in the country

       ii)            It enables a person to get services which are granted to citizens only such as free education

     iii)            It enables someone to get a passport or visa

     iv)            It allows a person to participate in political, economic  activities such as voting

       v)             It allow a person to get employment in public offices and military services

CONDITIONS WHICH CAN CAUSE A PERSON TO LOSE HIS OR HER CITIZENSHIP IN TANZANIA

 A person who acquired his/her citizenship by registration or descent               may lose it if

a)  The government is satisfied that the person obtained the certificate of registration by of fraud

(b) The person has committed a crime such as treason

c) The person denounces his or her Tanzanian citizenship

(d) The person holds dual citizenship,  for examples he or she is a citizen Of Tanzania and at the same time has citizenship of another country

(e) The person   shown by act or speech to he disloyal to the United Republic of Tanzania

CONSEQUENCES OF STAYING OR LIVING IN A COUNTRY WITHOUT BEING A CITIZEN

(a)    The person will not have protection while living in the country

(b)    The person will not have the freedom of expression and movement

(c)     He or she can be considered as an enemy and a criminal

(d)    The person Will not be involved important activities for his or her own development

(e)                  He or she Will not be employed in sensitive areas such as in military and ministries for security reasons

4.2 Citizenship responsibilities

Ø  Responsibilities of a citizen

Responsibilities

Are activities and duties that a person has to perform.

Ø  A citizen has duties to perform in the country. These are called Civic responsibilities or responsibilities of citizen

Civic responsibilities / responsibilities of citizen

These are duties which are performed by citizen in the country

CATEGORIES OF CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES

There are  four categories of civic responsibilities namely;

  1. Economic responsibilities
  2. Political responsibilities
  3. Social responsibilities
  4. Personal responsibilities
  1. ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITIES
  1. Pay taxes
  2. Do lawful productive work
  3. Participate in community development activities

2. POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITIES

  1. Take part in election
  2. Help to develop public policy
  3. Participate in political meetings
  4. Take part in building and consolidating democracy
  5. Advocate favorable policies and legislations

3. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

  1. Respect the rights of other citizens
  2. Obey the laws of the country
  3. Promote fairness, equality and social justice
  4. Protect his or her country from its enemies

4. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

  1. Take care of himself or herself
  2. Behave in respectful manner
  3. Supports the family
  4. Accepts responsibilities for his or her actions

IMPORTANCE OF CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES TO COMMUNITIES AND NATION

        i)            Help to get quality social services such as education, electricity, water and roads

       ii)            Helps people to involve in social, political and economic activities for the development

     iii)            Helps to reduce social crimes

     iv)            Helps to maintain peace and security in the society

       v)            Helps to improve welfare of special groups

     vi)            Helps to respect others at the family, society and national leel

CATEGORIES OF SPECIAL GROUPS

Special groups

Are people who need special care for various reasons.

These people should not be neglected. They should be assisted when they cannot carry out their responsibilities and duties. Examples of special groups includes;

        i)            The elderly

       ii)            Orphans children

     iii)            Street children

     iv)            People living with HIV and AIDS

       v)            Refugees

     vi)            People with disabilities

   vii)            Women and children

  viii)            The elderly

These are people who unable to work because of old age. They normally have healthy challenges where they need medical and social support from the other people.

 

ii. Orphans children

Are those children who lost one or both biological parents.

Ø  We need to help orphans in case of sickness or other condition since they have no one to take care of them

 


iii. Street children

These are children who live on the streets as they have no other place to live. This could be as a result of poverty, family break-up, death of parents and abuse by parents or guardians.

In order to earn their living, street children engage in illegal activities such as prostitution and stealing


iv. HIV and AIDS VICTIMS

These are peoples living with HIV/AIDS. Infection with HIV lowers their body immunity making them sick and unable to work.


v. Refugees

These are people who run away from their homeland for reasons such as wars, conflicts involving community members and natural disaster.

Ø  They are homeless, frustrated and lack basic needs. 

vi. People with disabilities

These are individuals with physical, mental or psychological problems that make it difficult for them to work and live like other people.

Ø  For example, some have difficulty in speaking, hearing, seeing, writing or walking.

vii. Women and children

Ø  This group of people is ignored in some community. They are not given equal opportunities to participate in decision making in their families or at higher level. Also, some families do not allow girls to go to school.

NEEDS OF SPECIAL GROUPS

        i)            They need basic needs such as foods, shelter and clothes

       ii)            They need education

     iii)            They need to be loved

     iv)            They need health care

       v)            They need to be treated equally

     vi)            They need counselling and guidance

   vii)            They need to be allowed to participate in economic activities

  viii)            They need rights and freedom 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS TO SPECIAL GROUPS

        i)            To give them respect and understanding

       ii)            Supporting them physically

     iii)            Providing counseling and socialization

     iv)            Interacting with them

       v)            To show them love

     vi)            To give them basic needs

   vii)            To educate them

 

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